Research Article

Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Table 3

Disk diffusion test for Gram-negative isolates on 11 antibiotics, on Mueller–Hinton agar with 4% NaCl, as recommended in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Bacteria isolatedTotal no.Antimicrobial agent tested
C N (%)CIP N (%)SXT N (%)GN N (%)F N (%)TC N (%)Amp. N (%)CEP N (%)CFT N (%)CFR N (%)Ami N (%)

Citrobacter spp.R156 (40)7 (47)9 (60)10 (67)12 (80)11 (73)15 (100)14 (93)14 (93)11 (73)3 (20)
I2 (13)1 (0 (0)10 (0)10 (0)117

Proteus spp.R83 (38)2 (25)2 (33)2 (25)7 (88)6 (75)4 (50)5 (63)4 (50)1 (13)0 (0)
I000 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)3

Escherichia coliR106 (60)6 (60)9 (90)7 (70)7 (70)9 (90)10 (100)8 (80)9 (90)8 (80)0 (0)
I0 (0)30 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)3

Klebsiella spp.R103 (30)2 (20)5 (50)4 (40)9 (90)4 (40)10 (100)6 (60)8 (80)4 (40)2 (20)
I0 (0)0 (0)110 (0)20 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)3 (38)

Acinetobacter spp.R21 (50)1 (50)1 (50)1 (50)2 (100)2 (100)2 (100)2 (100)2 (100)2 (100)0 (0)
I10 (0)0 (0)10 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)

Enterobacter spp.R51 (20)0 (0)2 (40)1 (20)4 (80)0 (0)5 (100)3 (60)4 (80)0 (0)1 (20)
I0 (0)20 (0)10 (0)20 (0)110 (0)

Pseudomonas spp.R84 (50)2 (25)5 (63)1 (13)8 (100)7 (88)8 (100)8 (100)8 (100)8 (100)2 (20)
I10 (0)210 (0)10 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)1

Salmonella spp.R64 (67)0 (0)2 (33)2 (33)5 (83)2 (33)4 (67)5 (83)3 (50)2 (33)0 (0)
I0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)1220 (0)0 (0)0 (0)

Total6428 (44)20 (31)35 (54)28 (43)54 (85)41 (64)58 (91)51 (80)52 (80)36 (55)8 (12)

C: chloramphenicol; CIP: ciprofloxacin; SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; GN: gentamicin; F: nitrofurantoin; TC: tetracycline; Amp: ampicillin; Cep: cefalexin; CFT: ceftazidime; CFR: ceftriaxone; Ami: amikacin.