An Inductorless Cascaded Phase-Locked Loop with Pulse Injection Locking Technique in 90 nm CMOS

Table 3

Performance summary at 𝑓_out=7.2 GHz.

This work	MPLL VCO	MPLL	CPLL
𝑓out [GHz]	7.2
𝑓ref [MHz]	—	300	50
𝑓inj [MHz]	300	300	200	1600
𝑓out/𝑓inj	24	24	36	4.5
𝐿(Δ𝑓)|Δ𝑓=1MHz [dBc/Hz]	−108	−107	−99	−101
Power consumption [mW]	8.4	14	25
Area [mm^2]	0.0014	0.080	0.11