The Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Review

Table 1

Schematic of the classification system proposed by Ronco et al. [18] for subdivision of CRS into 5 subtypes based upon aetiology of dysfunction.

CRS type	Name	Description	Example
1	Acute cardiorenal	Acute cardiac dysfunction leading to acute kidney injury	Acute coronary syndrome causing acute heart failure and then renal dysfunction
2	Chronic cardiorenal	Chronic heart failure leading to renal dysfunction	Congestive cardiac failure
3	Acute renocardiac	Acute kidney injury leading to acute cardiac dysfunction	Uraemic cardiomyopathy secondary to acute renal failure
4	Chronic renocardiac	Chronic renal failure leading to cardiac dysfunction	Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure secondary to renal failure
5	Secondary	Systemic condition causing cardiac and renal dysfunction	Septic shock, vasculitis