Review Article
Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations
Table 2
Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with CKD progression.
| Modifiable |
| High blood pressure | Dyslipidemia (e.g., elevated LDL, decreased HDL) | Diabetes mellitus | Smoking | Overweight and obesity | Atherosclerosis | Coronary artery disease | Congestive heart failure |
| Unmodifiable |
| Age ( years) | Family history of premature CVD | Male gender | Menopause | US racial ethnic minority status (African Americans, American Indians, and Asian Americans) |
|
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Data from [7].
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