Duplex Ultrasound Evaluation of Hemodialysis Access: A Detailed Protocol

Figure 2

A high-grade stenosis is noted just distal to the take-off of a branch, where a marked elevation in both peak systolic (843.0 cm/sec) and end diastolic (626.3 cm/sec) velocities is found. Doppler color flow imaging demonstrates post-stenotic turbulence distal to the narrowest segment of the vein.