Review Article
Does Regular Surveillance Improve the Long-Term Survival of Arteriovenous Fistulas?
Table 1
Noninvasive methods of surveillance for AV access stenosis.
| Clinical monitoring | Access recirculation | Flow studies | Sodium, urea, glucose, differential conductivity, inline dialysance, ultrasound dilution and thermal methods | Pressure studies | Dynamic | Static | Direct visualization | Doppler ultrasonography | Magnetic resonance angiography |
|
|