Circulating Adiponectin Is Associated with Renal Function Independent of Age and Serum Lipids in West Africans
Table 1
Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of study sample.
(a) Participant characteristics categorized by gender
Variable
All ()
Male ()
Female ()
value
Age (years)
46.4 ± 13.0
48.3 ± 14.2
45.1 ± 12.0
0.0012
BMI (kg/m2)
25.8 ± 5.5
23.6 ± 3.99
27.3 ± 5.9
0.0001
WC (cm)
87.8 ± 12.0
85.9 ± 10.86
89.1 ± 12.6
0.0002
Smoking (yes/no) (%)
4.8
8.3
2.5
0.0002
HTN (yes/no) (%)
35.1
35.9
34.6
0.71
CKDMDRD (yes/no) (%)
8.5
9.2
8.0
0.54
CKDCG (yes/no) (%)
16.3
23.8
11.1
0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean
1.0 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.2
0.0001
Geometric mean
0.9
1.1
0.8
eGFRMDRM (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
Mean
100.4 ± 35.3
99.0 ± 34.5
101.3 ± 35.9
0.37
Geometric mean
95.5
93.3
95.5
eGFRCG (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
Mean
90.4 ± 32.2
80.0 ± 28.0
97.2 ± 33.0
0.0001
Geometric mean
85.1
75.9
91.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean
42.6 ± 18.5
41.4 ± 17.3
43.4 ± 19.2
0.15
Geometric mean
38.0
37.2
38.0
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean
130.3 ± 47.2
124.4 ± 48.2
134.1 ± 46.1
0.005
Geometric mean
123.0
114.8
125.9
TG (mg/dL)
Mean
91.1 ± 43.6
94.8 ± 50.3
88.7 ± 38.5
0.07
Geometric mean
83.2
87.1
81.3
AdipoQ (ng/mL)
Mean
8271.1 ± 5207.9
6956.0 ± 4525.8
9139.5 ± 5445.9
0.0001
Geometric mean
6918.3
5888.4
7762.5
BMI: body mass index; AdipoQ: adiponectin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; WC: waist circumference; HTN: hypertension; CKD: chronic kidney disease defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; HDL-C: high density lipoproteins; LDL-C: low density lipoproteins; TG: triglycerides. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation except when specified. Student’s t-test was used to compare means between groups and chi-square to compare frequencies between groups.
(b) Characteristics of participants categorized by eGFRMDRD and eGFRCG
Variable
eGFRMDRD ≥ 60
eGFRMDRD < 60
P value
eGFRCG ≥ 60
eGFRCG < 60
P value
Age (years)
45.8 ± 13.2
53.2 ± 9.2
<0.0001
44.1 ± 12.1
58.0 ± 11.2
<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
25.9 ± 5.6
25.5 ± 4.5
0.6
26.4 ± 5.7
22.6 ± 3.3
<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)
87.6 ± 12.1
89.9 ± 10.3
0.13
88.4 ± 12.4
84.9 ± 9.3
<0.0001
Smoking (yes/no) (%)
5 (36/725)
3 (2/67)
0.47
5.3 (35/659)
2.3 (3/128)
0.16
HTN (yes/no) (%)
33.7
50.7
0.009
31.3
55.5
<0.0001
Male/female ratio
286/439
29/38
—
237/422
75/53
—
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean
0.9 ± 0.2
1.6 ± 0.3
<0.0001
0.9 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.3
<0.0001
Geometric mean
0.9
1.6
0.9
1.3
eGFR
Mean
104.9 ± 33.52
52.3 ± 6.6
<0.0001
98.2 ± 29.2
50 ± 6.8
<0.0001
Geometric mean
100
51.3
95.5
49.0
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean
41.9 ± 18.0
49.7 ± 22.4
0.008
41.7 ± 17.7
47.6 ± 21.5
0.005
Geometric mean
37.2
43.7
36.3
42.7
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean
126.2 ± 43.5
174.4 ± 61.0
<0.0001
126.0 ± 43.9
152.8 ± 56.4
<0.0001
Geometric mean
117.5
162.2
117.5
141.3
TG (mg/dL)
Mean
88.26 ± 41.3
122.09 ± 54.8
<0.0001
88.7 ± 43.7
104.2 ± 41.6
<0.0001
Geometric mean
79.4
112.2
81.3
97.7
AdipoQ
Mean
8091.0 ± 5092.1
10220.2 ± 6032.9
0.007
7884.9 ± 4941.0
10376.2 ± 6054.6
<0.0001
Geometric mean
6760.8
8511.4
6606.9
8709.6
BMI: body mass index; AdipoQ: adiponectin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; WC: waist circumference; HTN: hypertension; CKD: moderate chronic kidney disease defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2;HDL-C: high density lipoproteins; LDL-C: low density lipoproteins; TG: triglycerides. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation except when specified. Student’s t-test was used to compare means between groups and chi-square to compare frequencies between groups.
