Cystatin C-Based Evaluation of Kidney Function of HIV-Infected Children in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of all study participants.

Characteristics	HIV-infected children, 𝑛=205 (%)	Controls,; 𝑛=205 (%)	Test (𝜒^2,𝑡,𝑈)	𝑑𝑓	𝑃 value
Age (years)
Less than 5 years	106 (51.7)	107 (52.2)	0.0098	1	1.000^a
≥5 years	99 (48.3)	98 (47.8)
Mean age	5.68±3.41	5.39±3.41	0.84	408	0.401^b
Sex
Male	98 (47.8)	98 (47.8)	0.00	1	1.000^a
Female	107 (52.2)	107 (52.2)
SEC
Upper class	11 (5.40)	31 (14.6)	10.77	2	0.005^c*
Middle class	83 (40.50)	78 (38.0)
Lower class	111 (54.10)	96 (47.30)
Weight
Mean ± SD (kg)	18.3±7.7	19.5±9.0	−1.327	408	0.171^b
WAZ	−1.015	−0.20	13043.5		0.000^d*
Height
Mean ± SD (m)	1.093±0.197	1.093±0.218	0.012	408	0.991^b
HAZ	−0.65	0.02	15159.5		0.000^d*
Body mass index
Mean ± SD (kg/m^2)	14.91±3.54	15.68±3.34	2.265	408	0.024^b*
BMI z	−0.83	0.40	17221.0		0.002^d*
Blood pressure
Mean ± SD (mmHg)	86.4±2.1	86.2±3.2	0.7482	408	0.4548^b

WAZ: weight for age 𝑧 score; HAZ: height for age 𝑧 score; BMI z: body mass index 𝑧 score; SEC: socioeconomic class; ^aFishers exact test; ^bstudent 𝑡 test; ^cPearson chi-square; ^dMann-Whitney 𝑈 test; *significant at 𝑃<0.05.