Review Article

Anti-VEGF Cancer Therapy in Nephrology Practice

Table 1

Selected FDA approved targeted anticancer drugs.

Generic (trade) namesTarget gene or receptorIndication

IV antiangiogenic drugs
Bevacizumab (Avastin)VEGF-AMetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (with chemotherapy)
Metastatic NSCLC (with chemotherapy)
Metastatic breast cancer (with chemotherapy)
Recurrent glioblastoma (monotherapy)
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (with IFN-a)
VEGF Trap (Aflibercept)VEGF A, PIGFmCRC (second-line)
Temsirolimus (Toricel)mTORAdvanced RCC

Oral antiangiogenic drugs
Dasatinib (Syrcell)BCR-ABLPhiladelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML
Imatinib (Gleevec)BCR-ABLPh+ CML; gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Nilotinib (Tasigna)BCR-ABLPh+ CML
Bosutinib (Bosulif)BCR-ABL, SrcPh+ CML
Ponatinib (Iclusig)BCR-ABLALL and CML
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf)BRAFV600EMelanoma
Vismodegib (Erivedge)SMOBasal cell carcinoma
Ruxolitinib (Jakafi)JAK1/2Myelofibrosis
Gefinitib (Iressa)EGFRNSCLC
Erlotinib (Tarceva)EGFRNSCLC and pancreatic cancer
Crizotinib (Xalkori)EML4-ALKNSCLC
Abiraterone (Zytiga)CYP17A1Prostate cancer
Enzalutamide (Xtandi)ARProstate cancer
Regorafenib (Stivarga)VEGFR2, PDGFR, FGFRs, Tie2, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, AblMetastatic colorectal cancer (refractory disease)
Lenalidomide (Revlimid)Anti-tumor, immunomodulatoryMultiple myeloma
Lapatinib (Tykreb)EGFR, HER2/neuBreast cancer
Sunitinib (Sutent)VEGFRs, PDGFR, VEGF, cKIT, RET, CSF-1R, flt3GIST; advanced RCC; Unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Sorafenib (Nexavar)VEGFR, PDGFR, C-Raf, B-Raf, MAP Kinase, cKITAdvanced RCC
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Pazopanib (Votrient)VEGF, c-kit, PDGFRRCC; advanced soft tissue sarcoma chemotherapy treated
VandetanibVEGFRs, EGFRs and RETUnresectable locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer
Everolimus (Afinitor)mTORAdvanced HER2-negative Breast Cancer, Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumours of Pancreatic Origin (PNET),
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA),
Advanced RCC; soft tissue sarcoma; renal angiomyolipoma

VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; BCR-ABL, fusion of abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase gen at chromosome 9 and break point cluster (Bcr) gene at chromosome 22; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EML4-ALK, rearrangement of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase; HER2/neu, one of four membrane proteins in EGFR family; PDGFG, platelet-derived growth factor receptor RET: proto-oncogene, encodes receptor kinase for the neurotrophic factor family; CSF-1R, colony stimulating factor; flt3, encodes receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates hematopoiesis; MAP kinase, family of serine threonine proteins responsible for regulating cellular activities, such as apoptosis; c-kit, tyrosine kinase stem cell factor receptor; SMO, smoothened, e transmembrane protein involved in Hodgebog signal transduction; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; BRAF, gene encoding for B-Raf, member of raf kinase family.