Classification of Five Uremic Solutes according to Their Effects on Renal Tubular Cells

Figure 3

Effects of uremic solutes on cell cycle progression after porcine renal tubular cells were synchronized at G2/M boundary. (a) Time-dependent shift of histograms of untreated control cells. Each line indicates time after release from synchronization. Solid line: 0 hours, dotted line: 4 hours, and dashed line: 6 hours. Duplicate data for each time point are shown except for 0 hours. (b) and (c) Percent of cells in G1 or G2 phase. After synchronization, cells were released to grow with or without uremic solutes for indicated periods. Percent of cells in each phase was analyzed and calculated. Cont, control; IS, indoxyl sulfate; PCS, p-cresyl sulfate; PhS, phenyl sulfate; HA, hippuric acid; IAA, indoleacetic acid. Data are shown as mean ± S.D. (). Asterisks indicate significant difference compared to corresponding control (). Concentrations of solutes (mmol/L) are shown in parentheses.

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