Review Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lower Limb Amputation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure on Dialysis: A Systematic Review
Table 3
Summary of studies assessing risk factors of amputation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients on dialysis.
| | Author | Total patients with DM | DM patients having amputation | Risk factors for amputation in patients with DM | Total non-DM patients | Non-DM patients having amputation | Risk factors for amputation in patients without DM |
| | Speckman et al., 2004 [19] | 1751 | 104 (6%) | CVD: HR 1.7 (CI 1.1–2.6),
MUR < 58.5%: HR 2.6 (CI 1.4–4.8), | 1469 | 12 (1%) | Increasing age: HR 1.09 (CI 1.02–1.2),
Mean serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL: HR 3.8 (CI 1.1–12.5), |
| | Combe et al., 2009 [22] | 11129 | 14.2% | Peripheral neuropathy: AOR 2.23 (CI 1.94–2.56),
Calciphylaxis: AOR 2.02 (CI 1.32–3.1),
Men: AOR 1.69 (CI 1.48–1.94), | 18203 | 1.60% | Calciphylaxis: AOR 3.41 (CI 1.74–6.7),
Men: AOR 2.56 (CI 1.86–3.51),
Blacks: AOR 1.88 (CI 1.23–2.86),
Smoking: AOR 1.62 (CI 1.11–2.37), |
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DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; RH, relative hazard; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MUR, mean urea reduction; CI: 95% confidence interval.
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