Focused Real-Time Ultrasonography for Nephrologists

Figure 1

Prerenal assessment: cardiac contractility and intravascular volume. A1 = subcostal cardiac view (curvilinear or phased-array probe), A2 = parasternal long- and short-axis views (phased-array), B1 = IVC long-axis view (curvilinear or phased-array), B2 = IVC long-axis from midaxillary line view (curvilinear or phased-array), and C = subclavian vein view (high-frequency linear probe) [25]. Adapted from Perera et al. with the authors’ permission [4].