Focused Real-Time Ultrasonography for Nephrologists

Table 1

Ultrasound findings in classic shock states.

Shock	Hypovolemic	Distributive	Cardiogenic	Obstructive
Heart	Hypercontractile; Small chamber size	Hypercontractile (early sepsis); Hypocontractile (late sepsis)	Hypocontractile; Dilated heart	Hypercontractile
				Pericardial effusion
				Cardiac tamponade
				RV strain
				Cardiac thrombus
IVC	Flat IVC	Normal or small IVC (early sepsis)	Distended IVC	Distended IVC

RV = right ventricle, IVC = inferior vena cava.
Adapted from Perera et al. with the authors’ permission [4].