Undiagnosed Kidney Injury in Uninsured and Underinsured Diabetic African American Men and Putative Role of Meprin Metalloproteases in Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 4

Plasma and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). (a)-(b) Log-transformed plasma (a) and urinary (b) KIM-1 levels among nondiabetic subjects, diabetic patients with no known kidney disease (diabetic), and patients with diagnosed diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Urinary KIM-1 levels were normalized to creatinine to account for differences in urine concentration. Data are represented as both a bar chart showing mean -1 ± SEM within each group (top) and a scatter plot showing values for each individual within the group (bottom). (c)-(d) Log-transformed plasma (c) and urinary (d) KIM-1 levels among nondiabetic subjects, diabetic patients with normo-, micro, or macroalbuminuria, and patients with diagnosed diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Urinary KIM-1 was normalized to urinary creatinine. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Labeled means without a common letter are significantly different from one another based on one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honest significant difference test.

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