MicroRNA-451 as an Early Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Comparison of demographic and laboratory data of the studied groups.

Parameters	Normoalbuminuria (30 patients)	Microalbuminuria (30 patients)	Macroalbuminuria (30 patients)	Control (30 individuals)
Age mean ± SD	53.1 ± 6.2	53.6 ± 5.1	53.6 ± 6.2	50.4 ± 6.9	0.128
Gender
Male n (%)	13 (43.3%)	14 (46.7%)	21 (70%)	17 (56.7%)
Female n (%)	17 (56.7%)	16 (53.3%)	9 (30%)	13 (43.3%)	0.159
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.9 ± 0.14^abc	1 ± 0.2^ade	1.2 ± 0.24^bdf	0.9 ± 0.2^cef	0.0001
BUN (mg/dl)	29 ± 1.4^abc	27.7 ± 2.2^ade	59 ± 4.3^bdf	27 ± 2^cef	0.0001
FBS (mg/dl)	150 ± 34^a	147 ± 20^b	136 ± 34^c	89 ± 9^abc	0.0001
HBA1c (%)	8.9 ± 1.8^a	9.2 ± 1.8^b	9.3 ± 2^c	4.3 ± 0.6^abc	0.0001
Hemoglobin (gm/dl)	11.1 ± 1^a	11 ± 1^b	10.6 ± 2.1^abc	12.9 ± 1.4^c	0.0001
WBCs (mm^3)	6.4 ± 1.6	6.6 ± 1.6	6.3 ± 1.9	8.9 ± 2	0.097
Platelets (mm^3)	240 ± 25	232 ± 33	223 ± 37	225 ± 42	0.224
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	202 ± 9^a	204 ± 14^b	196 ± 10^c	172 ± 15^abc	0.0001
LDL (mg/dl)	119 ± 6^a	121 ± 7^b	118 ± 6^c	109 ± 20^abc	0.0001
HDL (mg/dl)	45 ± 4^a	44 ± 3^b	44 ± 5^c	44±4^abc	0.86
TGs (mg/dl)	127 ± 9^a	125 ± 6^b	134 ± 13^abc	126 ± 11^c	0.002
eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m^2n (%)	5 (16.7%)	7 (23.3%)	10 (33.3%)	—	0.32
eGFR ml/min/1.73 m^2	70.2 ± 14.6^ade	63.4 ± 9^bdf	61.2 ± 10.7^cef	112 ± 11.2^abc	0.0001
U-microRNA-451	24.3 ± 2.8^ade	22.9 ± 1.6^bdf	21.1 ± 1.5^cef	32 ± 2^abc	0.0001
P-microRNA-451	27.4 ± 0.8^ade	28.4 ± 1^bdf	31 ± 1^cef	25.8 ± 1.8^abc	0.0001

(i) Probability of chi square t-test was used for qualitative data and values of its variables are expressed as n (%) number (percentage.). (ii) Probability of one-way “ANOVA” between the four groups with subsequent post hoc analysis if significant was used for numerical data and values of its variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. (iii) abc: similar letters indicate significant value and indicates . (iv) FBS: fasting blood sugar; U-microRNA-451: urinary microRNA-451; P-microRNA-451: plasma microRNA-451.