| | Intrinsic | Kidney stones, malignancies (vesical, prostate), clots, BPH, abscess, stenosis, ureter diverticulum, ureter valves, phimosis, paraphimosis, neurogenic bladder, urinary catheter obstruction, drugs (anticholinergics, anesthetics, antihistamines, analgesics, benzodiazepines, calcium blockers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiarrhythmic agents, sympathomimetics, sympatholytics, and muscle relaxers) |
| | Extrinsic | Abdominal or pelvic malignancies, abscesses, atrophic vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, pelvic organ prolapse, aortic aneurism, pelvic fracture, postpartum, fecalith. |
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