A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Patients on Haemodialysis Maintenance Therapy in a Country of Sub-Saharan Africa

Table 3

The proportion of adults on haemodialysis from one Tanzanian centre (n = 77) with intakes of selected nutrients and markers of nutritional status within and outside of the recommended ranges, overall and by gender.

Parameter	Proportion of participants with measures within and out of recommended ranges, % (n)			Gender comparison (P, effect size)
	All	Male	Female
Protein (g/kgwt/d) [4]				0.21, −0.22
≥1.1	15.4 (6)	25.0 (4)	8.8 (2)
<1.1	84.6 (33)	75.0 (12)	91.3(21)
Energy (kcal/kgwt/d) [4]
≥ 0	25.6 (10)	25 (4)	26.1 (6)	1.0, 0.01
<30	74.4 (29)	75.0 (12)	73.9 (17)
Total dietary iron (mg/day) [4]
Male ≥ 8 mg	16.7 (7)	35.3 (6)	4.0 (1)	0.01, −0.41
Female ≥ 15 mg
Male < 8 mg	83.3 (35)	64.7 (11)	96.0 (24)
Female < 15 mg
BMI (kg/m^2) [4]				0.25, −0.18
≥23	50.8 (31)	59.4 (19)	41.4 (12)
<23	49.2 (30)	40.6(13)	58.6 (17)
Albumin (g/l) [4]
≥40	20.0 (14)	31.6 (12)	6.3 (2)	0.02, −0.32
<40	80.0 (56)	68.4 (26)	93.8 (30)
HGS (kg) [23]
Male > 30	27.1 (16)	28.1 (9)	25.9 (7)	1.0, −0.03
Female > 20
Male ≤ 30	72.9 (43)	71.9 (23)	74.1 (20)
Female ≤ 20
MAMC (cm) 50^th percentiles [24]
Male ≥ 29.5	19.6 (11)	3.4 (1)	37.0 (10)	0.005, 0.42
Female ≥ 23.6
Male < 29.5	80.4 (45)	96.6 (28)	63.0 (17)
Female < 23.6

BMI = body mass index; HGS = hand grip strength; MAMC = mid-arm muscle mass; [24] UK Renal Association; [25] National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative; [23] 2003–2006 NHANES data; [4] European Best Practice Guideline; [22] European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; ^⸸chi-square test.