A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Patients on Haemodialysis Maintenance Therapy in a Country of Sub-Saharan Africa

Table 5

The clinical outcome measures (median) split by attainment of relevant reference ranges of dietary intakes (n = 42), dialysis adequacy (n = 50), and inflammation status (n = 62) for adults on haemodialysis in one Tanzanian centre.

	Albumin (g/l)	Creatinine (mmol/l)	Potassium (mmol/l)	Calcium (mmol/l)	Phosphate (mmol/l)	Haemoglobin (g/l)	Serum iron (µmol/l)
Protein (g/kgwt/d) [4]
<1.1	36.0 (34.0, 40.0)	859.2 (546.5, 1121.1)	5.1 (4.0, 6.3)	2.1 (2.0, 2.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	84.8 (78.0, 98.5)	9.4 (6.7, 12.0)
≥1.1	39.0 (33.8, 41.0)	780.2 (344.8, 1276.8)	4.4 (3.7, 5.2)	2.1 (1.9, 2.3)	1.1 (0.8, 1.1)	83.5 (59.1, 107.3)	8.8 (6.9, 15.0)
#(p, effect size)	0.45, −0.13	0.74, −0.05	0.27, −0.18	0.95, −0.01	0.32, 0.16	0.73, −0.06	0.95, −0.01
¥(r, p)	−0.13, 0.47	−0.11, 0.53	−0.05, 0.76	−0.02, 0.92	−0.12, 0.51	−0.19, 0.28	0.03, 0.85
Energy (kcal/kgwt/d) [4]
<30	38.0 (34.5, 40.0)	851.1 (545.1, 1121.1)	4.9 (4.0, 6.3)	2.1 (2.0, 2.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	86.6 (80.5, 99.1)	9.4 (6.7, 11.7)
≥30	34.0 (33.0, 39.0)	913.4 (616.4, 1276.8)	4.95 (4.4, 5.7)	2.1 (1.9, 2.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	79.9 (66.9, 88.7)	8.8 (4.7, 15.2)
#(p, effect size)	0.13, −0.26	0.61, −0.08	0.89, −0.02	0.32, −0.16	0.91, −0.02	0.07, −0.30	0.93, −0.01
¥(r, p)	−0.16, 0.35	0.04, 0.81	0.14, 0.43	−0.16, 0.34	−0.04, 0.84	−0.12, 0.52	0.25, 0.14
URR (%) [25]
≤65	37.5 (34.0, 39.25)	898.15 (554.0, 1346.48)	5.55 (4.63, 6.70)	2.06 (1.96, 2.17)	1.14 (0.79, 1.37)	90.55 (81.35, 104.75)	7.9 (6.0, 1.8)
>65	36.0 (32.0, 39.0)	855.2 (501.1, 1094.8)	5.1 (4.3, 6.1)	2.1 (2.0, 2.2)	1.0 (0.9, 1.5)	81.3 (70.6, 96.1)	9.1 (6.5, 10.9)
#(p, effect size)	0.49, −0.21	0.29, −0.13	0.22, −0.13	0.72, −0.07	0.83, −0.08	0.05, −0.28	0.96, −0.15
¥(r, p)	−0.19, 0.20	−0.33, 0.02	−0.29, 0.04	−0.07, 0.62	−0.13, 0.39	−0.36, 0.02	−0.09, 0.57
C-RP (mg/l) [26]
<5	38.0 (35.0, 39.0)	927.6 (578.7, 1085.1)	4.9 (4.2, 5.9)	2.1 (2.0, 2.2)	1.2 (0.9, 1.5)	89.2 (84.7, 100.0)	9.2 (7.2, 12.5)
≥5	36.0 (32.0, 39.0)	687.8 (482.3, 1179.4)	5.1 (4.4, 6.7)	2.1 (1.9, 2.2)	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)	81.4 (70.5, 99.9)	8.3 (5.2, 12.5)
#(p, effect size)	0.09, −0.21	0.32, −0.13	0.29, −0.13	0.60, −0.07	0.55, −0.08	0.03, −0.28	0.24, −0.15
¥(r, p)	−0.32, 0.02	−0.08, 0.55	−0.02, 0.90	−0.09, 0.49	−0.09, 0.50	−0.22, 0.11	−0.07, 0.59

URR = urea reduction ration; C-RP = C-reactive protein; [24] UK Renal Association; [25] National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative; ^#Mann–Whitney test; ^¥covariate correlation coefficient.