Impact of National Economy and Policies on End-Stage Kidney Care in South Asia and Southeast Asia

Table 2

ESKD treatment demographics in SA and SEA.

Variables	Overall						Higher economies (HE)/lower economies (LE)
	N	Mean	SD	Median	Min	Max	N	Mean	SD	Median	Min	Max
Modality-wise distribution
HD (%)	15	64.9	28.1	70	10	95	6/9	67.6/63.2	78.7/67.3	27.9/29.8	15/10	87.1/95
PD (%)	15	10.1	12.2	7	0.5	46	6/9	19.1/4	10.1/3.4	15.5/3.1	8.8/0.5	46/10
KT (%)	15	9.2	10	5	0.8	39	6/9	13.4/6.4	7.4/5	13.7/6	4/0.8	39/21
Cs (%)	15	16.3	26.4	0	0	84.5	6/9	0.2/27	0/20	0.4/29.9	0/0	1/84.5
Distribution of HD frequency
Less than 2 weeks	15	6.8	12.4	2	0	48	6/9	0.2/11.2	0/10	0.4/14.7	0/0	1/48
Exactly 2 weeks	15	44.9	34	50	1	92	6/9	15.9/64.2	3.9/62	25.1/24.1	1/16	65/92
More than 2 weeks	15	48.3	38.6	36	2	99	6/9	83.9/24.6	95.5/12	25/25.2	35/2	99/80
Infrastructure and manpower
Absolute number of dialysis centres	14	498.9	784.5	134	6	3000	6/8	414.3/562.4	385/134	413.2/1005.1	6/48	880/3000
Dialysis centres/million population	14	8.5	9.7	2.2	0.6	27.8	6/8	17/2.1	9.5/1.5	16.8/1.8	2.1/0.6	27.8/5.5
Dialysis machines/dialysis unit	15	16.7	12.2	15	5	40	6/9	26.7/10	30/5	9.8/8.7	15/5	40/30
Nephrologists/million	15	9.2	15.3	1.72	0.04	59.8	6/9	20.8/1.5	19.6/1.9	14.8/0.94	5.6/0.04	59.8/6.5
Dialysis units/million	14	7.2	8.7	2.22	0.6	27.8	6/8	15.2/2.1	9.4/1.5	13.99/1.8	2.1/0.6	27.8/5.5
Dropout rate
Yearly dropout rate	11	34.7	28.6	15.3	10	90	5/6	12.3/53.4	1.9/26.6	12/57.5	10/15	15.3/90
Due to death	10	68.7	34.1	86	15.3	99.5	5/5	93.6/43.8	7/31.8	98/43.2	88/15.3	99.5/95.5
Due to KT	10	13.3	15.8	5	0.5	46.3	5/5	5.64/20.6	5.8/19.7	2/10	0.5/4.5	12/46.3
Due to financial reasons	10	18.2	25.7	2	0	70	5/5	0.8/27.1	1.3/27.1	0/38.4	0/0	3/70

ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis; KT, kidney transplant; CS, conservative.