Complex 3D Vortex Lattice Formation by Phase-Engineered Multiple Beam Interference

Figure 3

Computational analysis of complex 2D vortex lattices. Taking the multiples of relatively phase-shifted three beams, the numbers of interfering beams involved are, respectively, 6 beams (first column), 9 beams (second column), and 15 beams (third column). (a)–(c) Phase profile. (d)–(f) The fork formation while the pattern is interfered with a plane wave launched at a large angle from the axis. (g)–(i) Zero crossing plot (blue line: zeros of Re𝐸(𝑟) and green line: zeros of Im𝐸(𝑟)). Circle at the center in cyan color highlights the higher-order vortex.

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