The solubility of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) was determined for five different temperatures. Metastable zone width of aqueous solutions of KDP saturated at different temperatures was determined by nucleation method in pure form and adding a well-known chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (0.5&#x2009;mol&#x25; EDTA). The induction period <svg style="vertical-align:-0.05624pt;width:7.3000002px;" id="M1" height="6.1875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 7.3000002 6.1875" width="7.3000002"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"    >
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</svg> was measured, experiments were performed at selected degrees of supersaturation (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.15749pt;width:28.4625px;" id="M2" height="10.7375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 28.4625 10.7375" width="28.4625"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"    >
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			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.88,68.25)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 7.85px; " x="0" y="0">∗</tspan>
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</svg>), and the critical nucleation parameters like interfacial energy (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.12375pt;width:8.3500004px;" id="M3" height="6.2750001" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 8.3500004 6.2750001" width="8.3500004"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"    >
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</svg>) were calculated, based on the classical theory of nucleation. The structural and optical properties of the grown crystals have been investigated. FTIR analysis has been carried out to characterize the grown crystals. Band gap has been calculated from transmission spectra.

Anisur Rahman

Jiban Podder

Effect of EDTA on the Growth Kinetics and Structural and Optical Properties of KDP Crystal

A novel study has been undertaken for the coupling efficiency enhancement on planar (refractive and diffractive) microlenses as coupling elements with various geometrical shapes in fibre optics communication. When the dispersion of the planar diffractive microlens is expressed in terms of an Abbe number, it is easy to solve for the refractive and diffractive power coupling efficiency that result in a single material. Coupling loss is reduced with microlens used as coupler even when increasing wavelength of the Gaussian beam. A slight difference of power coupling efficiency is observed with the different direction of electric polarisation for a Gaussian beam of large spot size at its waist due to coupling property has been discussed and shown to agree well with theoretical model.

S. Selvanandan

P. M. Anbarasan

Power Coupling Efficiency Enhancement in Multimode Step-Index Fiber Using Refractive and Diffractive Microlenses

Two patterns of functionally graded materials (FGMs) were successfully fabricated whose compositions gradually varied from 100% stainless steel 316L to 100% Inconel718 superalloy using laser engineered net shaping process. The microstructure characterization, composition analysis, and microhardness along the graded direction were investigated. The comparison revealed the distinctions in solidification behavior, microstructure evolution of two patterns. In the end, the abrasive wear resistance of the material was investigated.

Dongjiang Wu

Xiaokang Liang

Qian Li

Lijia Jiang

Laser Rapid Manufacturing of Stainless Steel 316L/Inconel718 Functionally Graded Materials: Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties

A rigorous and consistent approach is demonstrated to develop a model of the 4M structure (the four-media structure of a film on a substrate of finite thickness). The general equations obtained for the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the 4M structure are simplified by employing a procedure of the so-called device averaging to reduce them to a succinct form convenient for processing of experimental spectra for the structures with a thick substrate. The newly derived equations are applied to two special cases: (i) an arbitrary film on highly absorbing substrates and (ii) a slightly absorbing film on transparent substrates. The reflectance and transmittance spectra represented in the simplified (with the device averaging) form have a practical application for determining the film thickness and optical constants from experimental spectra by using the known techniques.

Anatoly Barybin

Victor Shapovalov

Substrate Effect on the Optical Reflectance and Transmittance of Thin-Film Structures

Ta and N co-doped SrTiO<sub  >3</sub> was synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction using SrCl<sub  >2</sub>&#x000B7;6H<sub  >2</sub>O, Ti(OC<sub  >3</sub>H<sub  >7</sub>)<sub  >4</sub>, TaCl<sub  >5</sub>, and HMT (hexamethylenetetramine) in KOH and oleic acid mixed solutions. The products were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, BET surface area measurement, TEM, EDX, DRS, PL-Spectra, and XPS. The nanoparticles of perovskite-type SrTi<sub  >1-x</sub>Ta<sub  >x</sub>O<sub  >3-y</sub>N<sub  >y</sub> (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:74.9375px;" id="M1" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.9375 11.125" width="74.9375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>) were successfully synthesized. The photocatalytic activity of SrTiO<sub  >3</sub> for DeNO<sub  >x</sub>ability in the visible light region could be improved by the codoping of Ta<sup  >5+</sup> and N<sup  >3-</sup>. The excellent visible light photocatalytic activity of this substance may be due to the generation of a new band gap by doping nitrogen that enables the absorption of visible light as well as a decrease in the incidence of the lattice defects, which acts as a recombination center of photo-induced electrons and holes by codoping with Ta<sup  >5+</sup>.

Uyi Sulaeman

Shu Yin

Tsugio Sato

Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of Ta and N Codoped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles

We present a remote, differential method for measuring the prescription of aspheric mirrors using null interferometry in the center-of-curvature configuration. The method requires no equipment beyond that used in a basic interferometery setup (i.e., there are no shearing elements or absolute distance meters). We chose this configuration because of its widespread use. However, the method is generalizable to other configurations with an adjustment of the governing equation. The method involves taking a series of interferograms before and after small, known misalignments are applied to the mirror in the interferometry setup and calculating the prescription (e.g., radius of curvature and conic constant) of the mirror, based on these differential measurements, using a nonlinear regression. We apply this method successfully to the testing of a Space Optics Research Lab off-axis parabola with a known focal length of 152.4 mm, a diameter of 76.2 mm, and an off-axis angle of 12<sup>°</sup>.

Brian M. Robinson

Patrick J. Reardon

Joseph M. Geary

Mirror Prescription Regression: A Differential  Interferometric Technique

We present fiber-coupled dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides for
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</svg>m telecom wavelength fabricated by two-photon polymerization and
nanoimprint lithography. The waveguide structures include 100-<svg     style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" id="M2" height="12.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><use xlink:href="#x1D707"/></g>

		
	
</svg>m-long
plasmonic waveguides connected on both ends to tapered dielectric waveguides
used for end-fire coupling with optical fibers. The excitation of plasmonic
waveguides is verified via polarization-resolved measurements of the
overall transmission, demonstrating thereby that this technology is suitable
in principle for the integration of plasmonic components into fiberoptics. 
Loss mechanisms are investigated and improvements suggested
to reduce transmission losses and consequently increase the viability of
practical application.

Andreas Seidel

Jacek Gosciniak

Maria U. Gonzalez

Jan Renger

Carsten Reinhardt

Roman Kiyan

Romain Quidant

Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi

Boris N. Chichkov

Fiber-Coupled Surface Plasmon Polariton
Excitation in Imprinted Dielectric-Loaded
Waveguides

The exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for quantum damped oscillator with modified Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian are evaluated.  We also investigate the cases of under-, over-, and critical damping.

Akpan N. Ikot

Louis E. Akpabio

Ita O. Akpan

Michael I. Umo

Eno E. Ituen

Quantum Damped Mechanical Oscillator

We have demonstrated the &#x160;olc-type wavelength filters in a 52&#x2009;mm long periodically poled Ti-diffused lithium niobate channel waveguide which has a domain period of 16.6&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" id="M2" height="9.6750002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>m. At room temperature, the center wavelength and the full-width at half maximum of the filter were about 1272.49&#x2009;nm and 0.23&#x2009;nm, respectively. The nearest side-lobe is about 7&#x2009;dB. New structure of optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) utilizing &#x160;olc-type TE<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.6px;" id="M3" height="7.1374998" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14.6 7.1374998" width="14.6"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>TM mode converters was proposed for the first time.

Hongsik Jung

&#x0160;olc-Type Wavelength Filters Based on TE<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" height="7.6374998" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16.3375 7.6374998" width="16.3375" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.575)"><path id="x2194" d="M901 255q-71 -62 -185 -187l-22 15l102 147h-638l102 -147l-22 -15q-114 125 -185 187q71 62 185 187l22 -15l-102 -147h638l-102 147l22 15q114 -125 185 -187z" /></g></svg> TM Mode Conversion Utilizing Periodically Poled Ti-Diffused Lithium Niobate Channel Waveguides

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<p><em>International Journal of Optics</em> publishes both fundamental and highly applied studies on the nature of light, its properties and behaviours, and its interaction with matter.</p>


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<p>Chief Editor, Professor Cerullo, leads the Ultrafast Spectroscopy group at the Department of Physics at the Polytechnic University of Milan. His research activity has mainly focused on the physics and applications of ultrashort pulse lasers.</p>


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International Journal of Optics - Table of contents 2010

International Journal of Optics | Hindawi

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International Journal of Optics publishes both fundamental and highly applied studies on the nature of light, its properties and behaviours, and its interaction with matter.

International Journal of Optics