Marine Environmental Risk Assessment of Sungai Kilim, Langkawi, Malaysia: Heavy Metal Enrichment Factors in Sediments as Assessment Indexes

Table 5

The comparison of heavy metal concentrations in the present study with other heavy metal studies throughout Malaysia.

No.	Area	Cd	Co	Fe	Pb	Zn	References
(1)	Sungai Kilim, Langkawi	0.27 ± 0.14	7.69 ± 0.82	4.80 ± 0.42	5.29 ± 3.47	66.82 ± 4.86	Present study
(2)	Terengganu River	0.9 ± 1.7	15.1 ± 7.4	6.3 ± 1.3	44.1 ± 14.4	65.6 ± 34.8	Jamil [10]
(3)	Kemaman estuary	—	16.00	—	—	—	Kamaruzzaman and Ong [40]
(4)	Sungai Kelantan	1.82 ± 0.02	—	3.860	20.82 ± 0.28	18.67 ± 0.56	Ahmad et al. [41]
(5)	Langkawi coastal water	—	—	—	41.87 ± 7.3	—	Kamaruzzaman et al. [42]
(6)	Sungai Semenyih	—	20.95 ± 12.97	—	44.71 ± 22.34	62 ± 36.34	Muhammad et al. [43]
(7)	Kuala Perlis	—	—	—	25.77	55.73	Yap and Pang [44]
(8)	Kuala Kedah jetty	—	—	—	26.81	53.21	Yap and Pang [44]
(9)	Kuala Muda	—	—	—	31.92	33.6	Yap and Pang [44]
(10)	Kuala Juru jetty	—	—	—	30.20	317.39	Yap and Pang [44]
(11)	Juru industrial drainage	—	—	—	65.32	484.14	Yap and Pang [44]
(12)	Earth bulk continental crust	0.15	25	5.63	14	70	Lide [24]