Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials: Norms and Protocols

Table 3

VEMP protocols.

Author	Country	Position	Active/positive/noninverting	Reference/inverting	Ground	Stimulus	Intensity	No. of stimuli	EMG level
Isaradisaikul 2012 (referred to this study)	Thailand	Sitting, head turned	Midpoint of the SCM	The sternal notch	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz	98 dBnHL (120 dBSPL)	200	30–75 μV
Kerdsiri 2010 [15]	Thailand	Recumbent, head raised and turned	The sternum	Upper 1/3 of the SCM muscle	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz	105 dBnHL (125 dBSPL)	80–150	50–300 μV
Janky 2009 [16]	USA	Sitting, head turned	The SCM	The manubrium of the sternum	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz; Rarefaction clicks	123 dBSPL (80 dBnHL); 119 dBSPL (90 dBnHL)	200	45 mmHg (cuff)
Maes 2009 [17]	Belgium	Sitting, head turned	Midpoint of the SCM	The sternoclavicular junction	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz	95 dBnHL (130 dBSPL)	256	40 mmHg (cuff)
Isaradisaikul 2008 [18]	USA	Recumbent, head raised and turned	The sternum	Midpoint of the SCM	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz	110  dBHL (115.5 dBSPL)	100	40–150 μV
Wu 2007 [19]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	The sternal notch	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz/ Rarefaction clicks	95 dBnHL	200	50 μV
Kelsch 2006 [20]	USA	Supine, head raised	Midpoint of the SCM	The ipsilateral upper sternum	The contralateral neck	alternating clicks	90 dBnHL	150	NA
Wang 2006 [21]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised then turned	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the upper sternum	NA	STBs of 500 Hz	95  dBHL	200	50–200 μV
Basta 2005 [9]	Germany	Head turned	Midpoint of the SCM	The sternum	The forehead	STBs of 500 Hz	115 dBSPL	NA	50–200 μV
Su 2004 [22]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the upper sternum	NA	Rarefaction clicks	95 dBnHL	128	50–200 μV
Wang 2004 [23]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the upper sternum	NA	STBs of 500 Hz	105 dBHL	200	50–200 μV
Cheng 2003 [24]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the upper sternum	NA	STBs of 500 Hz/ Rarefaction clicks	95 dBnHL	128	50–200 μV
Wang 2003 [25]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the upper sternum	NA	STBs of 500 Hz	95 dBnHL	200	50–200 μV
Brantberg 2001 [26]	Sweden	Supine, head raised	The most Prominent part of the SCM	Midpoint of the clavicle	The uppermost part of the sternum	Rarefaction clicks	100 dBnHL	128	NA
Ochi 2001 [14]	Japan	Head turned	Upper half of the SCM	Upper edge of the sternum	The forehead	Rarefaction clicks	95 dB	50	NA
Welgampola 2001 [27]	Australia	Recumbent, head raised	Upper 1/3 of the SCM	Medial ends of the clavicles	The sternum	Rarefaction clicks	100 dBnHL	256	NA
Wu 1999 [10]	Taiwan	Supine, head raised	Upper half of the SCM	Lateral end of the sternum	NA	STBs of 500 Hz	95 dBnHL	200	NA