The Epworth Sleepiness Scale in the Assessment of Sleep Disturbance in Veterans with Tinnitus

Table 1

Demographic, otologic, audiologic, and psychiatric profiles. SD: standard deviation, normal ear: tympanic membrane and external auditory canal, 3F-PTA: 3-frequency-pure-tone average (500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz), SRT: speech reception threshold, WDS: word discrimination score, and PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.

Total of 94 patients	Patients	% (mean ± SD, median, min–max)	Unknown
Sex
Male	93	99	0
Female	1	1	0
Age		(62 ± 10.3, 64, 31–84)
Service
Army	35		41
Navy	13
Air force	5
Noise exposure
Military	67		24
Occupational	36		25
Recreational	21		39
All	69		21
Previous hearing aids use	18		7
Vertigo	23		20
Middle ear symptoms	14		9
Ear surgery	7		2
Ear injury	9		23
Ear infection	10		45
Ear pain	16		36
Aural fullness or pressure	18		32
Normal ear
Left	91	97	0
Right	90	96	0
Left hearing loss
Sensorineural	87	93	2
Mixed	2	2
Right hearing loss
Sensorineural	86	91	2
Mixed	2	2
3F-PTA
Left	94	(28 ± 14.3, 25, 6.7–83.3)	0
Right	94	(27 ± 15.3, 25, 5–93)	0
SRT
Left	92	(25 ± 13.5, 25, 0–80)	2
Right	91	(24 ± 15.1, 20, 0–100)	3
WDS
Left	92	(91 ± 12.7, 95, 0–100)	2
Right	92	(90 ± 15.1, 96, 20–100)	2
Sleep disorder	37	39	3
PTSD	77	82	4
Anxiety	75	80	2
Depression	57	61	1
Claustrophobia	9		48