Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid Solution on Nasal Discharge from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Table 1
Bacteriology after contact with solution for one minute.
Group
Standard
HOCl
NS
Alcohol
PVPI
Species
No. of Isolates
Aerobic and facultative bacteria
Gram-positive
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
1
2
1
1
Staphylococcus aureus
5
5
5
2
5
Streptococcus pneumoniae
1
1
1
1
1
Moraxella catarrhalis
1
1
1
1
Group G Streptococcus
1
1
1
1
Gram-negative
Haemophilus influenzae
2
2
2
2
2
Klebsiella pneumoniae
4
4
4
2
3
Klebsiella oxytoca
1
1
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
8
6
7
2
6
Pseudomonas putida
1
1
Enterobacter aerogenes
1
1
1
1
Citrobacter koseri
3
2
3
3
Escherichia coli
1
1
1
1
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
2
2
2
2
Total aerobic and facultative bacteria
32
29
30
9
28
Anaerobic bacteria
Gram-positive
Propionibacterium acnes
1
1
1
2
Peptostreptococcus micra
8
7
7
5
8
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
2
2
2
1
2
Clostridium hastiforme
1
1
1
1
Gram-negative
Fusobacterium nucleatum
3
3
3
2
3
Total anaerobic bacteria
15
13
14
9
16
Total bacterial isolates
47
42
44
18
44
: the stick was placed directly into a Thanswab tube; HOCl: the stick was placed into a glass tube containing hypochlorous acid solution; NS: normal saline; PVPI: povidone-iodine solution.
