Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering

Tomaszewski, Henryk; Eufinger, Karin; Poelman, Hilde; Poelman, Dirk; De Gryse, Roger; Smet, Philippe F.; Marin, Guy B.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/95213

International Journal of Photoenergy

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 095213 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/95213

Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering

Henryk Tomaszewski,¹Karin Eufinger,²Hilde Poelman,²Dirk Poelman,²Roger De Gryse,²Philippe F. Smet,²and Guy B. Marin³

Academic Editor: Jimmy C. Yu

Received11 Jul 2006

Revised20 Oct 2006

Accepted24 Oct 2006

Published21 Dec 2006

Abstract

The effect of sodium content of the glass support on the crystallinity of sputtered TiO2 films and photocatalytic breakdown of ethanol has been studied. It was found that the activity of the as-deposited (amorphous) films does not depend on the type of support used. The chemical composition of the glass support does influence the activity of annealed films. When using soda-lime glass support sodium diffuses into the film upon annealing, suppressing anatase crystallization and decreasing its photocatalytic activity. To decrease the influence of sodium, soda-lime glass coated with an e-beam evaporated SiO2 barrier layer was used with good result. A reduced sodium concentration in the film leads to well crystallized anatase after annealing. An increased photocatalytic activity was observed for these films.

References

I. Hayakawa, Y. Iwamoto, K. Kikuta, and S. Hirano, “Gas sensing properties of platinum dispersed- ${TiO}_{2}$ thin film derived from precursor,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Bahtat, M. Bouzsaoui, M. Bahatat, C. Garapon, B. Jacquier, and J. Mugnier, “Up-conversion fluorescence spectroscopy in ${Er}^{3 +}$ : ${TiO}_{2}$ planar waveguides prepared by a sol-gel process,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 202, no. 1-2, pp. 16–22, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
U. Bach, D. Lupo, P. Comte et al., “Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous ${TiO}_{2}$ solar cells with high photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies,” Nature, vol. 395, no. 6702, pp. 583–585, 1998.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. A. Linkous, G. J. Carter, D. B. Locuson, A. J. Ouellette, D. K. Slattery, and L. A. Smitha, “Photocatalytic inhibition of algae growth using ${TiO}_{2}$ , ${WO}_{3}$ , and cocatalyst modifications,” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 4754–4758, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J.-K. Yang and A. P. Davis, “Photocatalytic oxidation of Cu(II)-EDTA with illuminated ${TiO}_{2}$ : mechanisms,” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 17, pp. 3796–3801, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. J. Buechler, R. D. Noble, C. A. Koval, and W. A. Jacoby, “Investigation of the effects of controlled periodic illumination on the oxidation of Gaseous trichloroethylene using a thin film of ${TiO}_{2}$ ,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 892–896, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
O. Carp, C. L. Huisman, and A. Reller, “Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide,” Progress in Solid State Chemistry, vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 33–177, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Anpo and M. Takeuchi, “The design and development of highly reactive titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation,” Journal of Catalysis, vol. 216, no. 1-2, pp. 505–516, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Y. Jung and S. B. Park, “Enhanced photoactivity of silica-embedded titania particles prepared by sol-gel process for the decomposition of trichloroethylene,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 249–256, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Y. Jung, S. B. Park, and S.-K. Ihm, “Linear relationship between the crystallite size and the photoactivity of non-porous titania ranging from nanometer to micrometer size,” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 224, no. 1-2, pp. 229–237, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Y. Jung and S. B. Park, “Photoactivity of ${SiO}_{2} / {TiO}_{2}$ and ${ZrO}_{2} / {TiO}_{2}$ mixed oxides prepared by sol-gel method,” Materials Letters, vol. 58, no. 22-23, pp. 2897–2900, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Miyagi, M. Kamei, T. Mitsuhashi, T. Ishigaki, and A. Yamazaki, “Charge separation at the rutile/anatase interface: a dominant factor of photocatalytic activity,” Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 390, no. 4–6, pp. 399–402, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. H. Oh, J. S. Kim, J. S. Chung, E. J. Kim, and S. H. Hahn, “Crystallization and photoactivity of ${TiO}_{2}$ films formed on soda lime glass by a sol-gel dip-coating process,” Chemical Engineering Communications, vol. 192, no. 3, pp. 327–335, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Fernández, G. Lassaletta, V. M. Jiménez et al., “Preparation and characterization of ${TiO}_{2}$ photocatalysts supported on various rigid supports (glass, quartz and stainless steel). Comparative studies of photocatalytic activity in water purification,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 49–63, 1995.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Tada and M. Tanaka, “Dependence of ${TiO}_{2}$ photocatalytic activity upon its film thickness,” Langmuir, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 360–364, 1997.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H.-J. Nam, T. Amemiya, M. Murahayashi, and K. Itoh, “Photocatalytic activity of sol-gel ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films on various kinds of glass substrates: the effects of ${Na}^{+}$ and primary particle size,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 108, no. 24, pp. 8254–8259, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Yu and X. Zhao, “Effect of substrates on the photocatalytic activity of nanometer ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1293–1301, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Yu and X. Zhao, “Effect of surface treatment on the photocatalytic activity and hydrophilic property of the sol-gel derived ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 97–107, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. C. Yu, J. Yu, and J. Zhao, “Enhanced photocatalytic activity of mesoporous and ordinary ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films by sulfuric acid treatment,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 31–43, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Lin, S. Kumon, H. Kozuka, and T. Yoko, “Electrical properties of sol-gel-derived transparent titania films doped with ruthenium and tantalum,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 315, no. 1-2, pp. 266–272, 1998.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Poelman, D. Poelman, D. Depla, H. Tomaszewski, L. Fiermans, and R. De Gryse, “Electronic and optical characterisation of ${TiO}_{2}$ films deposited from ceramic targets,” Surface Science, vol. 482–485, part 2, pp. 940–945, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Tomaszewski, H. Poelman, D. Depla et al., “ ${TiO}_{2}$ films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering from ceramic targets,” Vacuum, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 31–38, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Eufinger, E. N. Janssen, H. Poelman, D. Poelman, R. De Gryse, and G. B. Marin, “The effect of argon pressure on the structural and photocatalytic characteristics of ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 515, pp. 425–429, 2006.
View at: Google Scholar
K. Eufinger, H. Tomaszewski, D. Depla, H. Poelman, D. Poelman, and R. De Gryse, Thin Solid Films, vol. 515, no. 2, pp. 683–686, 2006.
H. Schroeder, “Oxide layers deposited from organic solutions,” Physics of Thin Films, vol. 5, pp. 87–140, 1969.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Takahashi, K. Mita, H. Toyuki, and M. Kume, “Pt- ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films on glass substrates as efficient photocatalysts,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 243–246, 1989.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Paz and A. Heller, “Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: the deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 2759–2766, 1997.
View at: Google Scholar
J. C. Yu, J. G. Yu, and J. Zhao, “Enhanced photocatalytic activity of mesoporous and ordinary ${TiO}_{2}$ thin films by sulfuric acid treatment,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 31–43, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Guan, “Relationship between photocatalytic activity, hydrophilicity and self-cleaning effect of ${TiO}_{2} / {SiO}_{2}$ films,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 191, no. 2-3, pp. 155–160, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2007 Henryk Tomaszewski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

505

Downloads

1393

Citations

International Journal of Photoenergy

Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering

Abstract

References

Copyright

Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering