Photocatalytic Activity and Characterization of Carbon-Modified Titania for Visible-Light-Active Photodegradation of Nitrogen Oxides

Table 3

Deconvolution results of C 1s and O 1s spectra from XPS analysis.

Sample	Deconvolution of C 1s spectra^a		Deconvolution of O 1s spectra^b
	C–C ratio (%)	C=O ratio (%)	Ti–O ratio (%)	O–H ratio (%)	C=O ratio (%)
UV100	22.6	1.4	47.2	10.7	1.0
2-C3	19.9	6.8	44.9	2.9	4.9
C3	22.8	8.5	42.5	2.7	4.7
2-C4	25.4	8.6	40.1	2.7	6.5
iC4	26.1	12.6	38.3	3.2	8.3
2-C6	18.8	12.6	39.3	3.7	9.6
C6	29.2	13.4	33.4	2.6	9.1
cC6	31.4	12.3	28.1	3.1	11.1

^a Peaks fitted at 284.5–284.7 eV and 287.2–287.6 eV for C–C and C=O bonding.
^bPeaks fitted at 529.3–529.9 eV, 530.9–531.5 eV, and 531.9–532.8 eV for Ti–O, O–H, and Ti=O bonding, respectively.