Effects of Surface Modification of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays on the Performance of CdS Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 1

(a) Top-view SEM image of the TNAs with the corresponding side-view image in the inset. (b) Contact angle of the reference TNAs sample. Contact angles of the TNAs modified by (c) TiCl₄, (d) HNO₃, (e) KOH, and (f) MTMS.

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