Single Step Formation of C-TiO₂ Nanotubes: Influence of Applied Voltage and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Solar Illumination

Figure 5

XRD pattern of self-aligned and high-uniformity C-TiO₂ nanotube arrays formed in an EG electrolyte containing 5 wt% of NH₄F and 5 wt% of H₂O₂ for 1 h at 30 V, (a) as-anodized and (b) annealed at 400°C under argon atmosphere for 4 h (Ti∶titanium; A∶anatase).