Improved Efficiency of Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Insertion of Ultrathin SiO₂ Buffer Layers

Figure 6

Images of atomic force microscopy of the ITO surface after depositing (a) 2, (b) 3, (c) 4, and (d) 5 nm SiO₂ buffer layers.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)