Particle Size Effects of TiO₂ Layers on the Solar Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 4

Solar performance parameters of DSSCs with triple-layer structures of different TiO₂ particle sizes in the first (bottom), second (middle), and third (top) layer.

Triple layers; (nm)	𝐽sc (mA/cm^2)	𝑉oc (V)	Fill factor	Efficiency; (%)
200/21/10	7.45	0.81	0.68	4.15
200/40/10	8.92	0.81	0.67	4.82
200/100/10	8.94	0.79	0.66	4.71
400/100/10	9.49	0.80	0.67	5.14
400/200/10	9.64	0.80	0.68	5.32