Research and Development Aspects on Chemical Preparation Techniques of Photoanodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 2

Results of DSSC using ALD method.

Materials	Method	Efficiency ()%	Reference
Al2O3-coated TiO2 (core–shell)	Atomic layer deposition (ALD)	8.4	[140]
Hafnium oxide (HfO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on mesoporous TiO2	Atomic layer deposition (ALD)	7.1	[141]
Al2O3overlayers on porous TiO2	Atomic layer deposition (ALD)	—	[142]
Highly ordered and vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays	Template-assisted method using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and reactive ion etching (RIE)	1.17	[143]