Heuristic Storage System Sizing for Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicles Powered by Photovoltaic Charging Station

Table 1

Characteristics of mode 2 and mode 3 charging according to one German E-Cars Cetos.

Charging level	2	3
Socket type in the charging station	Schuko socket	Type 2 socket
Power delivery	One-phase	Three-phase
Nominal energy stored in Li-ion battery in kWh	17.1	17.1
Maximal charging current of a vehicle in A	13.3	14.0
Maximal charging power in kW	3.06	9.70
Communication with the vehicle over	ICCB	EVSE
Smart meter	Yes	Yes
Controllable through EMS	No	Yes
Controllable minimal charging power in kW	—	4.16
Minimum charging duration	5 h 35 min	1 h 16 min