Simulation on the Performance of Dye Solar Cell Incorporated with TiO₂ Passivation Layer

Table 1

Properties of TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, and ZnO.

Property	Unit	TiO2	Ref.	Nb2O5	Ref.	ZnO	Ref.
Affinity	eV	4.3	[23]	3.35	[24]	4.2	[25]
Energy gap	eV	3.2	[1]	3.4	[26]	3.37	[27]
Permittivity	F/cm	46	[28]	41	[29]	10.4	[30]