Review on Substrate and Molybdenum Back Contact in CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell

Table 2

Summary of current record efficiency on different substrates (CIGS solar cell) [5, 11, 61, 62, 71, 75, 76, 78].

Substrate	Current record efficiency	Description
Rigid
Soda-lime glass	21% [61]	Solibro (single-junction terrestrial cell) [61]
	18.7% [62]	Solibro (minimodule) [62]
Alkali-aluminosilicate glass	22.6% [5]	ZSW [5]
Flexible
Titanium	17.9% [76]	Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan [76]
Stainless steel	17.7% [71]	Empa [71]
Enamelled steel	18.7% [78]	ZSW [78]
Polymer	20.4% [11]	Empa [11]
Zirconia-based ceramic sheet	15.9% [75]	AIST (17-cell-integrated submodules) [75]