Review Article

Recent Advances on Renewable and Biodegradable Cellulose Nanopaper Substrates for Transparent Light-Harvesting Devices: Interaction with Humid Environment

Figure 1

(a) FE-SEM micrograph of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) obtained by a mechanical disintegration process with a high-pressure homogenizer from oat straw. Scale bar: 5 μm. Reproduced from cellulose, reference [17], with permission from Springer. (b) TEM micrograph of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with 6-8 nm diameter and 150-250 nm length, obtained from purified ramie fibres by H2SO4 hydrolysis. Scale bar: 200 nm; reproduced from the Journal of Materials Chemistry, reference [18], with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Nanopaper (left) and filter paper (right) comparison. Optically transparent CNP (left) is composed of 150 nm long CNCs. The upper left inset, with a scale bar of 100 nm, shows a SEM micrograph of the surface of transparent nanopaper. Conventional cellulose paper (right) consists of pulp fibres with 30 μm diameter. The upper right inset, with a scale bar of 200 μm, shows the SEM micrograph of the surface of a sample of filter paper. Reproduced from Advanced Materials, reference [13], with permission from John Wiley and Sons.
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