Optimum Energy Flow Management of a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery System considering Cost, Reliability, and CO₂ Emission

Figure 12

(a) Imported power from the grid to supply the load; (b) generated power from RES to the load; (c, d) RE power injected into the grid and SoC of the battery, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)