Perinatal Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Preschool-Age Children in the United States: An Analysis of 1999–2008 NHANES Data

Table 5

Elevated cardiovascular disease risk factors among US 3-to-6-year-olds by ethnic group and maternal smoking during pregnancy, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2008.

	Hispanic		Non-Hispanic Black		Non-Hispanic White
Perinatal Factor	Odds Ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value	Odds ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value	Odds ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value
Maternal Smoking (Y/N)
BMI ≥ 85th %ile for age, sex	1.49 (0.82–2.73)	0.19	0.99 (0.53–1.85)	0.98	1.79 (1.13–2.83)	0.01
BMI ≥ 95th %ile for age, sex	1.29 (0.62–2.68)	0.49	1.35 (0.58–3.14)	0.48	2.22 (1.30–3.78)	<0.01
Waist circumference^1	1.06 (0.56–1.98)	0.87	1.18 (0.65–2.12)	0.59	1.40 (0.83–2.36)	0.20
C-reactive protein^1	0.85 (0.38–1.90)	0.69	1.23 (0.56–2.75)	0.61	1.63 (1.05–2.51)	0.03
Total cholesterol^1	0.61 (0.18–2.02)	0.42	0.62 (0.19–2.06)	0.43	0.73 (0.39–1.40)	0.35
HDL cholesterol^2	0.61 (0.19–1.93)	0.40	1.11 (0.56–2.18)	0.77	1.29 (0.58–2.86)	0.53
Non-HDL cholesterol^1	0.58 (0.18–1.82)	0.35	0.67 (0.19–2.41)	0.54	0.79 (0.46–1.36)	0.40
LDL cholesterol^1	0.71 (0.16–3.26)	0.66	0.65 (0.14–2.99)	0.58	0.24 (0.06–0.90)	0.03
Triglycerides^1	0.71 (0.15–3.31)	0.66	0.58 (0.15–2.25)	0.43	1.39 (0.34–5.69)	0.64

¹Highest Quintile
²Lowest Quintile