The Methodology of Doppler-Derived Central Blood Flow Measurements in Newborn Infants

Table 1

Methods of determination of LVO diameter, flow velocity, and reported mean (SD) values in mL/kg/min.

	LVO diameter	LVO flow velocity	Angle correction	Time after birth	LVO (mL/kg/min)
					Preterm infants			Term infants
					𝑛	Mean	SD	𝑛	Mean	SD
Alverson et al., 1983 [10]	Ascending Aorta M mode trailing edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	1–5 days	8	221	56	14	236	47
Walther et al., 1985 [6]	Aortic Root M mode leading edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	1–5 days	59	260	35	62	230	30
Hirsimäki et al., 1988 [16]	Aortic Root M mode parasternal short axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	24 hours				22	273	59
Winberg et al., 1989 [17]	Ascending Aorta M mode trailing edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	24 hours				16	187	35
Walther et al., 1990 [18]	Ascending aorta 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	unknown	26	250	41	16	250	41
Agata et al., 1991 [19]	Ascending Aorta M mode leading edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler apical view	no	24 hours				34	245	56
Mandelbaum et al., 1991 [20]	Aortic Annulus 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler apical view	no	5-48 hours				18	150	40
Evans and Kluckow, 1996 [7]	Ascending Aorta 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler apical view	<20°	24 hours	20	233^#	55
Evans et al., 1996 [7]	Ascending Aorta 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler apical view	<20°	4 days	20	282^#	60
Pladys et al., 1999 [21]	Ascending Aorta M mode trailing edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler subcostal view	no	24 hours	17	245*	60
Tsai-Goodman et al., 2001 [22]	Aortic Root M mode trailing edge parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta unguided CW doppler high suprasternal view	no	24 hours	10	241		16	241
Murase et al., 2002 [23]	Ascending Aorta 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler high suprasternal view	no	24 hours	11	144^⋀	37
Groves et al., 2008 [24]	Ascending Aorta 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler apical view	<20°	24 hours	43	288^×	80
Sloot et al., 2010 [25]	Aortic Annulus 2D internal diameter parasternal long axis	Ascending Aorta 2D guided PW doppler subcostal view	no	7 days	57	296	74

^#Preterm infants with mild respiratory distress, *Preterm infants with normal blood pressure, ^⋀Preterm nonventilated infants, and ^×Preterm infants with ductal size < median ductal size for cohort.