Author, year, and location Study design Timeline Study population Intervention strategy Sample size RSV hospitalization rates Conclusion Quality of study (1) Sorrentino and Powers, 2000, USA [33 ] Retrospective chart review 1998-1999 Premature infants with GA ≤ 35 weeks and age <2 years with CLD Palivizumab only 1839 Infants without CLD = 2.1%, Hospitalization rates in prophylaxed children were similar to rates in prophylaxed children from IMpact-RSV trial [3 ] Low (2) Singleton et al., 2003, Alaska [26 ] Cohort study 1993–2001 Premature infants GA < 36 weeks Prepalivizumab era (1993–1996) versus postpalivizumab era (1998–2001) Prepalivizumab era: 992 Prepalivizumab era = 439/1000 births The rate decreased by 3-fold with palivizumab Moderate (3) Pedraz et al., 2003, Spain [27 ] Cohort study 1998–2000 and 2000–2002 Premature infants with GA ≤ 32 without CLD and children aged <2 years with CLD Prepalivizumab era (1998–2000) versus postpalivizumab era (2000–2002) Nonprophylaxed group: 1583 Infants ≤ 28 week GA: Effective for children with GA ≤ 32 weeks and for children with CLD Moderate (4) Lacaze-Masmonteil et al., 2004, France [29 ] Cohort study 2000-2001 Premature infants with <33 week GA No palivizumab versus palivizumab Nonprophylaxed group: 2370 Nonprophylaxed = 20.1% Protective benefits for infants with GA < 33 weeks Low (5) Parnes et al., 2003, USA [34 ] Record review 2000-2001 All children eligible for palivizumab according to AAP guidelines [40 ] Received at least one dose of palivizumab 2116 All infants = 2.9% RSV hospitalization rates lower compared to rate of 13% in nonprophylaxed children from Spain [8 ] Low (6) Henckel et al., 2004, Sweden [30 ] Cohort study 1992–2002 Preterm infants with CLD and age < 2 years and extreme preterm infants No palivizumab versus Palivizumab Nonprophylaxed group: 61,990 Infants with CLD: Use of palivizumab may be restricted to very preterm infants (GA < 26 weeks) suffering from severe CLD Low (7) Singleton et al., 2006, Alaska [28 ] Cohort study 1994–1997 and 2001–2004 Premature infants GA < 36 weeks Prepalivizumab era (1994–1997) versus postpalivizumab era (2001–2004) 2555 children Prepalivizumab era = 317/1000 births/year Palivizumab reduced hospitalization rate in premature infants Low (8) Mitchell et al., 2006, Canada [23 ] Cohort study 1995–2002 All premature infants Prepalivizumab era (1995–1998) versus postpalivizumab era (1999–2002) (in Calgary palivizumab was introduced in 1999 whereas in Edmonton palivizumab was not administered) Calgary: 2,876 Edmonton = 7.1% Effective for infants with GA < 33 weeks with other comorbidities Moderate (9) Kusuda et al., 2006, Japan [25 ] Nonrandomised questionnaire survey 2002-2003 All premature infants born at GA ≤ 35 weeks and infants with CLD No palivizumab versus palivizumab Nonprophylaxed group: 41 Nonprophylaxed group = 1.3% Small sample size to determine conclusive result Very low (10) Grimaldi et al., 2007, France [31 ] Cohort study 1999–2004 Premature infants with GA ≤ 30 weeks without BPD Prepalivizumab era (1999–2002) versus postpalivizumab era (2002–2004) Prepalivizumab era: 118 Prepalivizumab era = 13.5% Palivizumab reduced hospitalization rate Low (11) Chang et al., 2010, Korea [36 ] Hospital record review 2004–2009 Children were born at ≤35 weeks of GA, were <2 years of age, and had received medical therapy for CLD No palivizumab versus palivizumab Nonprophylaxed group: 53 Nonprophylaxed group = 22.6% Palivizumab reduced RSV hospitalization in children with CLD Low (12) Paes et al., 2012, Canada [35 ] Cohort study 2006–2011 Group 1: premature infants GA ≤ 32 weeks without preexisting medical disorders Comparison between prophylaxed Group 1 and prophylaxed Group 2 Group 1: 5,183 Group 1 = 1.5% Palivizumab prophylaxis beneficial for infants with 33–35 week GA but should be country-specific Low
