Determinants of Under-Five Child Mortality in Ethiopia: Analysis Using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016

Table 2

The distribution of child mortality by socioeconomic, biodemographic, environmental, and maternal health care variables in Ethiopia, 2016.

Covariates (explanatory variables)	Categories	Under-five child mortality (U5CM)
		Live	Death	Total	% of U5CM status
Place of residence	Urban	1907	67	1974	3.39
	Rural	8099	568	8667	6.55
Mother’s educational level	No education	6387	451	6838	6.6
	Primary	2538	140	2678	5.23
	Secondary	697	37	734	5.04
	Higher	384	7	391	1.80
Source of drinking water	Piped	2990	143	3130	4.57
	Spring	2295	147	2442	6.02
	Tube well water and others	4721	345	5066	6.81
Availability of toilet facility	With facility	5651	315	5966	5.28
	No facility	4355	320	4675	6.84
Religion	Orthodox	2944	138	3082	4.48
	Muslim	5068	374	5442	6.90
	Protestant	1761	101	1862	5.42
	Others	233	22	255	8.63
Wealth index	Poor	5648	411	6059	6.80
	Middle	1606	87	1693	5.14
	Rich	2752	137	2889	4.74
Current contraceptive method	Yes	2633	120	2753	4.36
	No	7373	515	7888	6.53
Currently breastfeeding	Yes	3428	393	3821	10.28
	No	6578	242	6820	3.55
Type of birth	Multiple	220	58	278	20.86
	Single	9786	577	10,363	5.57
Sex of child	Male	5107	376	5483	6.86
	Female	4899	259	5158	5.02
Place of delivery	Home	6671	484	7155	6.76
	Public facility	2892	131	3023	4.33
	Private and other facilities	443	20	463	4.32
Current marital status	Currently married	9321	582	9903	5.90
	Currently not married	685	53	738	7.18
Mother’s age at birth	15–19	376	28	404	6.93
	20–29	5016	316	5332	5.93
	30–39	3822	235	4057	5.80
	40–49	792	56	848	6.60
Birth order number	1	2031	136	2167	6.30
	2–4	4413	248	4661	5.32
	5+	3562	251	3813	6.58
Number of visits	1	5943	395	6338	6.23
	2–3	3392	199	3591	5.54
	4+	671	41	712	5.76
Family size	1–5	4424	356	4780	7.45
	6+	5582	279	5861	4.76
Region	Tigray	992	41	1033	3.97
	Affar	972	90	1062	8.47
	Amhara	928	49	977	5.01
	Oromiya	1494	87	1581	5.50
	Somali	1402	103	1505	6.84
	Benishangul-Gumuz	815	64	879	7.28
	SNNP	1206	71	1277	5.56
	Gambela	670	44	714	6.16
	Harari	564	41	605	6.78
	Addis Ababa	447	14	461	3.04
	Dare Dawa	516	31	547	5.70