Population Change and Its Driving Factors in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Areas of Wisconsin, USA, 1970–2000
Table 2
OLS regressions of population change in 1970–1980, 1980–1990, and 1990–2000.
1970–1980
1980–1990
1990–2000
Indices
Demographics 1 (age structure)
−0.051*
0.086**
0.042
Demographics 2 (race)
−0.120***
0.055*
−0.088**
Livability 1 (education)
0.064**
0.234***
0.155***
Livability 2 (modernization)
0.034
0.183***
0.166***
Livability 3 (luxury)
−0.197***
0.118***
0.331***
Accessibility 1 (proximity and infrastructure)
0.076**
0.016
0.039
Accessibility 2 (public transportation)
−0.026
−0.030
−0.007
Desirability 1 (green space)
0.128***
0.049
−0.073
Desirability 2 (scenery)
−0.139***
−0.027
0.013
Desirability 3 (recreation)
−0.068*
−0.024
−0.018
Developability
0.081**
0.108***
0.095**
Diagnostics for spatial dependence
LM (error)
112.49***
68.92***
76.92***
Robust LM (error)
8.92**
0.49
2.01
LM (lag)
141.40***
78.16***
93.59***
Robust LM (lag)
37.83***
9.72**
18.68***
Measures of fit
Log likelihood
−2488.170
−2487.980
−2478.590
AIC
5000.340
4999.960
4981.180
BIC
5066.530
5066.150
5047.370
Notes: AIC = Akaike’s Information Criterion. BIC = Schwartz’s Bayesian Information Criterion. ; ; . The coefficients displayed have been standardized in order to compare the relative importance of each variable to other variables within each model and to the variable itself across the three models.
