| | | Questions
in patients with established
long-term conditions | Study designs included | Search terms | | | Specific terms | Interventions | Behaviours | Long term conditions |
| | Need | What is the prevalence of smoking? | National surveys, cohort studies | Prevalence, frequency, use, prevalent, survey | | Smoking, cigarette smoking, tobacco dependence, chewing tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and
tobacco smoking | Coronary artery disease,
acute coronary syndrome,
coronary arteriosclerosis,
myocardial infarction, and
ischemic heart disease
Diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes
mellitus, and adult onset diabetes mellitus
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructivelung disease, chronic obstructive airways disease, pulmonary emphysema, and emphysema
Asthma and bronchial asthma
Schizophrenia, schizoaffective
disorder, and psychosis
HIV, acquired immune deficiency syndrome,
and acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus | | What is the effect of continued smoking on their outcomes? | Cohort studies | Cohort, cohort study, case-control study, cohort analysis | | | Benefit | What is the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in achieving abstinence? | Systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials | clinical trials, randomized, controlled clinical trials, randomized, and randomized controlled trial | | | What is the feasibility of delivering smoking cessation interventions? | Surveys, qualitative and mixed methods studies | Feasibility, practicality, feasible, and practical | Smoking cessation, nicotine replacement, tobacco
cessation, counselling, bupropion, varenicline, and tobacco cessation | | What is the acceptability of smoking cessation interventions? | Surveys, qualitative and mixed methods studies | Acceptable, acceptability, appropriateness, appropriate | | What is the effect of smoking cessation on their disease outcomes? | Cohort studies, cohort analyses, randomized controlled trials, and controlled trials | Cohort, cohort study, case-control study, cohort analysis
clinical trials, randomized, controlled clinical trials, randomized, and randomized controlled trial | | Gap | To what extent they receive smoking cessation interventions as part of their routine care? | Surveys, audits, and qualitative and mixed methods studies | Service provision, service gap, provision, access, accessible, accessibility, available, availability, offer, provide, give, service | | Barriers | What are the barriers in providing and accessing smoking cessation interventions? | Surveys, qualitative and mixed methods studies | Constraint, barrier, challenge, difficulty, hurdle, limitation, obstacle, and block |
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