The Nexus between Child Marriage and Women Empowerment with Physical Violence in Two Culturally Distinct States of India

Table 3

Percentage of women in the age group 20–24 who experienced physical violence in the last 12 months, NFHS-3 2006-07, India.

Background characteristics	India		Bihar		Tamil Nadu
Age at marriage
Before the age of 15	30.4	2830	44.1	146	52.4	78
Between 15 and 17	26.8	2885	52.2	110	32.0	124
After the age of 18	16.7	4799	41.0	117	18.3	321
Women empowerment index
Low	23.3	3496	40.9	161	24.5	99
Middle	25.2	3489	55.9	116	26.9	211
High	21.9	3486	41.6	92	26.1	212
Witnessed father beating mother
No	18.7	7931	40.5	246	17.8	301
Yes	41.6	1958	67.2	91	40.9	206
Do not know	26.9	611	36.4	35	15.0	16
Wife beating justified
Not justified	18.7	4492	31.3	166	18.7	163
Justified any one reason	27.5	5507	58.1	193	31.3	334
Husband consuming alcohol
No	18.2	6993	34.3	224	18.6	324
Yes	37.6	3511	65.4	149	41.1	199
Educational level of respondent
No education	31.1	3552	53.2	219	27.5	71
Primary	27.6	1658	37.3	47	41.3	97
Secondary	17.3	4739	32.4	100	25.2	293
Higher	5.5	565	31.7	7	10.4	62
Husband’s education
No education	34.8	2105	60.9	129	35.6	63
Primary	31.0	1572	50.5	44	32.3	96
Secondary	19.6	5613	40.1	158	25.1	302
Higher	10.4	1132	13.3	38	12.9	62
Do not know	23.0	71	4.5	4	0.0	0
Occupation of the respondent
Not working	21.0	7293	42.0	297	20.5	359
Agricultural	30.1	1967	58.5	58	33.9	69
Nonagricultural	19.8	482	11.9	9	22.0	35
Manual labour	30.2	767	88.4	9	48.7	60
Husband’s occupation
Not working	14.5	118	16.3	10	0.0	1
Agricultural	26.1	2583	50.1	81	30.9	92
Nonagricultural	17.0	3212	37.3	119	19.0	123
Manual labour	26.6	4567	49.8	163	27.2	307
Spousal age difference
Less than 5 years	24.1	4393	48.2	150	31.7	183
5 to 9 years	22.6	4369	44.7	166	22.0	238
10 and above	25.2	1722	39.8	57	26.2	102
Place of residence
Urban	20.3	4141	45.1	131	27.8	280
Rural	24.8	6373	45.8	242	24.5	243
Household structure
Nuclear	29.8	4551	48.8	138	32.0	309
Nonnuclear	20.2	5257	43.8	181	20.6	193
Household wealth
Poor (40)	30.7	3612	51.4	203	38.6	102
Middle (20)	21.7	4904	41.4	124	26.9	336
Rich (40)	10.6	1998	25.4	46	4.2	85
Religion
Hindu	23.1	7859	45.8	300	26.8	465
Muslim	26.7	1508	45.3	72	20.5	26
Others	22.6	1147	—	1	19.9	32
Caste/tribe
SC/ST	27.7	3493	67.4	56	33.7	163
Others	22.0	7021	41.7	317	22.8	360
Total	23.6	10514	45.7	373	26.1	523

% is based on weighted sample and is unweighted sample, Chi-Square value: ; ; .