The Impacts of Household Financial Stress, Resilience, Social Support, and Other Adversities on the Psychological Distress of Western Sydney Parents

Table 4

Prevalence estimates and odds ratios (OR) of parent psychological distress by sociodemographic and individual/community variables.

Variables	Prevalence	OR	[95% CI]
Sociodemographic & household variables
Gender
Male	11.3	1.00
Female	10.5	0.92	0.37	2.25	0.852
Age
18–34 yrs	6.4	1.00
35–44 yrs	10.5	1.73	0.54	5.59	0.358
45+ yrs	13.0	2.20	0.63	7.61	0.214
Country of birth
Australia	10.3	1.00
Other	14.7	1.83	0.92	3.68	0.087
Highest level of education
<year 12	7.0	1.00
Higher school certificate	15.4	2.42	0.76	7.69	0.135
TAFE certificate or diploma	11.0	1.64	0.56	4.78	0.368
University/tertiary	9.6	1.40	0.47	4.17	0.544
Household income
<40,000	14.7	1.00
>40,000	10.4	0.67	0.28	1.61	0.369
Time living in local area
<5 years	10.4	1.00
5 years or more	10.7	1.03	0.40	2.64	0.951
Single parent household
No	10.5	1.00
Yes	12.1	1.18	0.50	2.79	0.707
Number of children ≤ 16 yrs
One	11.6	1.00
Two	7.4	0.60	0.28	1.30	0.196
Three or more	14.4	1.28	0.57	2.86	0.544
Number of children in household (4–16 yrs)
One	10.4	1.00
Two	7.7	0.72	0.35	1.46	0.360
Three or more	16.4	1.70	0.74	3.90	0.212
Individual & community support variables
Optimistic person
Yes	8.7	1.00
No	21.3	2.83	1.26	6.35	0.012
High interpersonal trust
Yes	8.8	1.00
No	14.0	1.67	0.84	3.34	0.146
Individual resilience (CD-RISC2)
Low	31.5	1.00
High	8.3	0.20	0.08	0.46	0.001
Receives adequate social support from family
Yes	8.5	1.00
No	24.3	3.46	1.54	7.79	0.003
Receives adequate social support from friends
Yes	8.8	1.00
No	18.9	2.43	1.10	5.37	0.029
Attend church/religious services regularly
Yes	12.3	1.00
No	9.5	0.75	0.37	1.50	0.412
Connected with local neighbourhood
Yes	8.0	1.00
No	17.2	2.37	1.18	4.78	0.016