Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradability Properties of Bioplastic Fertilizer Composites Made of Oil Palm Biomass, Fertilizer, and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)

Table 2

TGA characterisation of pure PHBv, PHBv/NPK, and PHBv/NPK/EFB composites.

Degradation temperature (°C)
Composites			Residual (%) (at 550°C)
NPKC1	76.12	285.45	41.80
NPKC2	76.01	372.63	40.82
EFB	251.18	342.82	23.11
PHBv	263.44	300.73	0.257
PHBv/NPKC1	268.76	471.76	27.00
PHBv/NPKC2	269.30	495.74	29.76
PHBv/EFB/NPKC1	268.23	439.26	29.07
PHBv/EFB/NPKC2	252.78	426.47	25.41

Notes: : initial decomposition temperature; : final decomposition temperature.
PHBv (poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)), NPKC1 (uncoated) and NPKC2 (coated), and EFB (empty fruit bunch).