Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradability Properties of Bioplastic Fertilizer Composites Made of Oil Palm Biomass, Fertilizer, and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)

Table 4

Weight loss of bioplastic fertilizer (BpF) composites from soil burial test.

Composites	Weeks
	0	4	8	12	16
PHBv/NPKC1	0	50.4a (5.78)	55.85c (2.28)	60.17c (7.70)	68.66c (2.53)
PHBv/NPKC2	0	56.45a (12.23)	77.94b (6.36)	87.78b (0.98)	90.28b (1.57)
PHBv/EFB/NPKC1	0	55.76a (7.08)	79.57ab (7.37)	89.31ab (1.28)	96.48a (1.35)
PHBv/EFB/NPKC2	0	58.66a (7.47)	88.41a (0.51)	96.43a (0.57)	99.35a (0.17)

Note: means of weight loss for the weight loss labelled with the same letters (a, ab, b, c, and d) were not significantly different at . Standard deviation is given in parentheses. PHBv (poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)), NPKC1 (uncoated) and NPKC2 (coated), and EFB (empty fruit bunch), 5 replications of samples.