Effects of Hole Perpendicularity Error on Mechanical Performance of Single-Lap Double-Bolt Composite Joints

Figure 8

Damage envelope of various failure modes under ultimate load.

(a) Tensile fiber failure (SDV1)

(b) Compressive fiber failure (SDV2)

(c) Tensile matrix failure (SDV3)

(d) Compressive matrix failure (SDV4)

(e) Delamination onset in tension (SDV5)

(f) Delamination onset in compression (SDV6)

(g) Fiber-matrix shear-out failure (SDV7)