Preparation and Characterization of High Purity Anhydrous β-Lactose from α-Lactose Monohydrate at Mild Temperature

Table 1

Summary of the methodologies reported for the conversion of αL·H₂O into βL.

Methodology	Results	Characterization technique	Reference
Starting material: αL·H2O.; Solvent: sodium hydroxide in methanol.; Temperature: room temperature, and boiling temperature of methanol.; Reaction time (h): 2–10.; Post processing: filtering and vacuum drying.	Crystalline βL, purity of 93.6%.	Gas-liquid chromatography	[12]
Starting material: αL·H2O.; Solvent: potassium methoxide in methanol.; Temperature: room temperature, and boiling temperature of methanol.; Reaction time (h): 0.7–24.; Post processing: filtering, washing, and vacuum drying by 16 h.	Crystalline βL, purity of 98%.	Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)	[13]
Starting material: αL·H2O.; Solvent: potassium methoxide or potassium hydroxide in methanol.; Temperature: room temperature, and boiling temperature of methanol.; Reaction time (h): 3–140.; Post processing: filtering, washing, and vacuum drying by 16 h.	Crystalline βL, purity of 95%.	Gas-liquid chromatography	[15]