Effects of Zinc-Free Processing Aids on Silica-Reinforced Tread Compounds for Green Tires

Figure 5

SEM micrographs of (a) ZFA- and (b) ZCA-rubber composites with 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr) silica. Garvey die extrusion images of (c) ZFA (2 phr)- and (d) ZCA (2 phr)-rubber composites with 40 phr silica and (e) ZFA (2 phr)- and (f) ZCA (2 phr)-rubber composites with 60 phr silica.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)